Ama-Puppy Amehlo Nombono: Yiziphi Izinja Eqinisweni Bheka
Amehlo ama-puppy asebenza ngendlela efanayo neyethu. Ukukhanya kudlula ngaphakathi kwe-cornea ecacile ifasitela ebusweni bamehlo, ngokusebenzisa ukuvula okumnyama okubizwa ngokuthi umfundi, futhi ungene emlenzeni ogxila emifanekisweni ekhanyayo engxenyeni yangasese. Ngokungafani namehlo abantu, zonke izinja zine "ijwabu leso lesithathu" elibizwa ngokuthi i-haw noma i-membrane ekhanda elisekhoneni elingaphakathi leso elisebenza njenge-windshield wiper elidlulela phezulu kulo lonke iso.
Yiziphi Izinja Bheka
"Iningi lezinja yi-emmetropic-evamile," kusho uChristopher Pirie, uDVM, udokotela wezilwane oqinisekisiwe ophthalmology kanye noMsizi oProfesa eCummings School of Veterinary Medicine eTufts University. "Ukucwaninga kwe-canine yangaphambilini kubonise iphutha lokucubungula elijwayelekile lokuba -0.05 D, noma kancane kakhulu i-myopic." Ngamanye amazwi, i-puppy yakho ingase ingaboni kahle.
Izinja zivame ukuthembela kakhulu ekuhambeni kunokugxila, noma kunjalo. Benenkinga yokubona izinto eziseduze kunama-intshi angu-10 futhi kumele basebenzise izinyosi zabo ukuze bathole i-kibble echithekayo esitsheni.
Izinyathelo ezibonakalayo zezinja zingama-20/75, nakuba umalusi waseJalimane, uRottweiler noSchnauzer bebonakala bebheke kakhulu. Amalensi oxhumana nawo angalungisa umbono osondelayo ezinja.
Umbono omuhle ungabalulekile ikakhulukazi izilwane zesevisi ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kubalingani bomuntu, noma ukugijima ukuphazamiseka njengezinja zokuvikela.
Umbono omubi ungaphazamisa ukuncintisana noma izinja zokuzingela ukubona izinkomba zomphathi. Kodwa othintana nabo abenzi lutho uma izinja zilahlekelwa kalula.
Izinja ziyazuza ngokufakwa kwezibuko. I-ophthalmologist yezilwane ihlola umbono ngokukhishwa ngendlela efana nezingane ezingekho izisho.
Imikhiqizo efana ne-Doggles yenzelwe ukuvumelanisa ubuso be-canine kuzo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu bayo obuhlukahlukene. Kungasetshenziselwa ukuvikela amehlo azwelayo ekulimazeni noma kufaka phakathi amalensi okulungisa ukuthuthukisa ubuningi be-canine.
Ingabe izinja zingabona umbala?
Ingabe i-puppy yakho ingasho umehluko phakathi kwaleli bhola elibomvu nelinye elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka? I-retina engemuva kwe-eyeball iqukethe amaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi izinduku ezibona shades ezimhlophe, ezimnyama nezimpunga kuyilapho amangqamuzana e-cone athola umbala.
Izinja zinamaseli amancane ezinkinga kunabantu futhi zibona uhlelo olune-dichromatic-noma emibala emibili. UDkt. Pirie uthi izigaxa zezinja zizwela kakhulu kuma-wavevel aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza. Uma kuqhathaniswa, abantu babona uhlelo olunezimbala ezintathu ezibomvu / eziphuzi / eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinja zibonakala zifana nabantu "abayimpumputhe" futhi abakwazi ukubona imibala enjengebomvu.
Izinja zingaqeqeshwa kalula ukutshela umehluko phakathi kwemibala ethile nakuba zingaboni ngendlela efanayo nabantu. Ngaphansi kokukhanya okujwayelekile, izinja cishe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu kunombala obomvu, ngoba zimbalwa kakhulu ezingekho izigaxa ezibomvu.
Njengamanye abantu, iso leja lingakwazi ukulawula inani lokukhanya elidlula iso. Imisipha ekhethekile ebizwa nge-iris, leyo yingxenye enemibala yeso, ingakwazi ukuvumelanisa umfundi kumbono ojikelezayo ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, noma uvule kabanzi ukuze uvumele ekukhanyeni okungaphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhanya okuphansi.
Ukuntuleka komqondo wemibala kufanelana nenja enezintambo eziningi, amangqamuzana ahlolisisa amehlo e-retina, kunabantu. Ukukhanya kwe-retinal yenja kusebenza ngokuphindwe kathathu kunokwethu.
Inja Yezinja Iyabhanya Ngobusuku
Amehlo enja ayakwazi futhi "ukusebenzisa kabusha" ukukhanya okukhona ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbono wabo ezindaweni eziphansi. Izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi, kuhlanganise namakati nezinja, zinezingqimba zezingqamuzana ezibukeka kakhulu ngemuva kwe-retina eveza emuva noma yikuphi ukukhanya okuthwebula amehlo. I- tapetum lucidum ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubutha kwamehlo enja yakho ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-40 futhi ulandelele lokho kukhanya okubonakalayo okubona ebusuku.
"I-tapetum yenja ivumela inani eliphansi eliphansi lokukhanya elidingekayo ukudala isignali nokuthola ushintsho," kusho uDkt. Pirie. "Izinduku zithinta kakhulu izinguquko ezikhanyayo futhi eziwusizo zokuthola ukuhamba kodwa ungavumeli izinja ukuthi zibone kahle.
Ama-cones ngokuyinhloko anesibopho sezinto ezibukwayo kodwa azisebenzi kulezinga eliphansi lokukhanya. "
Ngakho amehlo enja azwela kakhulu ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya futhi abe nekhono elingcono lokubona izinguquko ekuhambeni kunabantu. Kodwa ubuciko bezinja ezibukwayo (ukuthi zibonwa ngokucacile) akusizi kahle ngaphansi kwezimo.
Ukuqonda okujulile
Isilwane esilukhunjulwa njengamagundane nesilwane singabuka ngezindlela ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngamehlo ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda. Kodwa izilwane ezidliwayo, njengezinja namakati, zinamehlo ebusweni obusobala obanika umbono ojulile nombono we-binocular ukuze bakwazi ukulandela isikhathi sokuziphishekela.
Amehlo afakwe eduze kakhulu anezinga eliphakeme lokubukeka okubonakalayo, umbono obhekiwe we-binocular, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababekwe eceleni. Umbono we-binocular kanye nomkhakha wombono uhluka kancane phakathi kwezinhlanga zezinja kuye ngokuthi kwakhiwe kanjani ubuso.
Ukubekwa kwezinja zezinja ze-brachycephalic njenge-Pugs zikhona ngokubheke phambili ebusweni, kanti izinhlanga ezinamahlombe ezinamahloni ezinjenge-Collie zivame ukuba nomunye amehlo ezinhlangothini zobuso. Iningi lezinja zinama-degree angama-30-60 kuphela we-binocular overlap uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangaba ngu-140 degrees. Ngakho-ke umbono wokujula kwenja wezinja awunzima njengabantu. Angase abone ukuhamba kwamasignali wesandla kusuka kude kodwa angaqapheli umnikazi ogqoke inkokhelo kuze kube khona iphunga noma izwi elikukhomba ngokwengeziwe.
Umbono wokuPhepha
Kodwa izinja ziyizinselele uma kuziwa emkhakheni wokubukwa wokubukwa, ubona nxazonke embonweni wesiphambano. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma i-puppy yakho ibukeka iqonde phambili ingakwazi ukubona ama-degree angu-240, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-180 degrees kubantu.
Izinja zingcono nakakhulu kumbono wesipiliyoni ngoba zinombono ophezulu wezinhlamvu zamabonakude ngaphesheya kwe-retina, okuthiwa i-visual streak. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba babone into egxile kakhulu ebangeni, ngisho nangokweqile kwombono wendawo, ngaphandle kwamagceke amehlo abo.
"Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kunwetshwa kwama-cones kuthuthukisa ikhono lesilwane lokubona ikakhulukazi ngasemgodleni futhi lusebenza njengendlela yokuzivumelanisa ngokusekelwe kwemfuneko yokuguquguquka kwesilwane," kusho uDkt. Pirie.
Ukutholwa kokuhamba
Ukuthembela ekuhambeni kunengqondo kunombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izinhlobo zezinja zithuthukiswa ukuzingela ngezinto ezifana ne-Greyhounds ne-Afghan Hounds zithinta ibanga lokudla. Iningi lezinja lingathola izibonakaliso zesandla ezinamandla kusuka kude kakhulu njengamayela.
Ngenkathi izinja zivame ukungazinaki izinto ezimileyo, lokhu kuvezwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kushukumisa isifiso sabo sokumxosha ukuxosha noma nini lapho kuhamba okuthile embonweni wabo wendawo. Lokhu kwenza izinja ziyizinja ezinkulu zokuqapha ngoba ziqaphela ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane abantu abengeke babone. I-visual streak ibonakala kakhulu ezinja ezinesikhathi eside; izinja ze-sight hound zathuthuka ukuzingela nokuxosha. Yingakho ukuhlwanyela izinhlobo, isibonelo, kungabangela ibhayisikili noma imoto bese uqala ukuxosha ama-maniacs.
Ingabe izinja zingabona izithombe ze-TV?
Kodwa iningi lezinja ezimfishane ezinjenge-Pug ayinayo le streak ebonakalayo. Esikhundleni salokho, babe namaseli wombono ophezulu ahlelwe endaweni eyodwa kwi-retina, ebizwa ngokuthi i-centralis yendawo. I-centralis yendawo inokuphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bokuphela kwezinzwa njenge-visual streak. Ngenkathi uDkt. Pirie ethi kunzima ukuhlola ngempela lokhu kungezwani, abanye abacwaningi babika lokhu kungakho izinja ezincane ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zibonakala zisabela esikrinini se-TV noma mhlawumbe zibonakala zizwela kakhulu ebusweni bomuntu.
Lokhu kungakho ukuthi izinhlanga ezincane ezithandwayo azigcini kahle kangcono kumgqa womnikazi noma ngokuzingela noma amakhono okugcina. Izinja ezikwazi ukubona kahle emadolobheni aseduze-mbono (lap-to-face) zinamandla okukwazi ukuphendula ngokwengeziwe ezinhliziyweni zethu nasemizweni yethu .