Ama-rabi aphethwe igciwane lesimo esine-bullet elingumndeni uRhabdoviridae. Idala isifo esiyingozi esiyingozi esithinta ubuchopho, esibangela izimpawu ezifana ne-meningitis. Uma izimpawu zikhula, lesi sifo sihlala sibulalayo.
Iyini i-rabies?
AmaRabi yisifo esiyinkinga yasendulo esiye saba khona amakhulu eminyaka futhi siyaqhubeka sivela emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sifo sithinta zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ikakhulukazi izilwane zasendle, kodwa futhi zihlupha izinja, amakati, nabantu.
Kusukela ngo-1884 lapho uLouis Pasteur ehlakulela umuthi wokugoma wokuqala, i-rabies ivinjelwe. Ezinye izindawo ezifana neHawaii neGreat Britain zaqeda lesi sifo zisebenzisa izivumelwano ezihlukanisiwe .
Ama-rabi asevele ekhona namuhla ezifuyweni noma kubantu ngenxa yecala "ukulimala" ezilwaneni zasendle futhi kufana nesigameko se-rabies kulezi zindawo ezimbi. Izilwane ngokuvamile ezihlotshaniswa nesifo zihlanganisa
- Ama-Raccoons enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States (eNew York, e-Connecticut, eNew Jersey, e-Maryland, futhi esakazeka)
- Coyotes kanye nezimpungushe ezimpunga eTexas naseningizimu-ntshonalanga
- Izimpungushe e-Alaska
- Skunks ku-Kansas
- Amabhathi (ngokuvamile)
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezivunyelwe ukuzulazula kulezi zifunda zingengozini enkulu yokuhlangana nesilwane esinqabileyo futhi sigula. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinobungozi eziphezulu zibeka nabanikazi engozini.
Ama-puppies athola kanjani ama-rabies?
Ukwelashwa kudinga ukuxhumana okuqondile nesilwane esithathelelekile. Ukudluliswa okuvamile kuvumise ukufaka umuthi wokungena emlonyeni.
Lapho, igciwane likhula kuze lifinyelele emithanjeni, ephethe ukutheleleka emthonjeni womgogodla. Ekugcineni igciwane lifinyelela ebuchosheni, lapho izimpawu ziqala khona.
Amantombazane avunyelwe ngaphandle kwezinhlekelele zasendle zasendle. Ngisho namantombazane agcinwe emagcekeni noma indlu ingabonakala "engozini enkulu" yezilwane zasendle, okuhlanganisa i-skunk, i-coyote, i-fox, i-raccoon, ne-bat.
Uma ugula, izilwane zilahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkathazo futhi zingase zigijime emagcekeni aqotshwe, ngokusebenzisa iminyango yesilwane, phansi imifino, noma izinhlayiya zokuhlaselwa ngamadodakazi noma ama-kittens.
Ukuthola isilwane esilusiwe lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zifinyelela khona zifaneleka njengekuchayeka. Ngisho noma i-skunk ayikwazi ukuhlolelwa lesi sifo (ukubola kakhulu, noma ukulimala kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni kobuchopho), umthetho udinga ukuthi uphathwe njengokungathi uhlaselwe. Kungenxa yokuthi izilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingadalulwa ngokudlala nomzimba oshonile noma ukuxhumana nezinto ezithintekayo.
Izimpawu zamaRabi
Ama-rabi anezigaba ezintathu ezizwakalayo zesifo somtholampilo: 1) ukufakelwa, 2) izimpawu zomtholampilo, kanye no-3) ukukhubazeka okuqeda ukufa. Isikhathi sokugxila - isikhathi esivela ekuvezeni (bite) ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu - kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-14 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-24 ukuba zibandakanye, ngokuphakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-8 kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ukusuka ebuchosheni, igciwane lisabalala kwezinye izicubu, njengezinhlayiya zomzimba.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zinomthelela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokuziphatha. Izimpawu zokuqala ukwenqaba ukudla noma ukuphuza, futhi inja ekhuni ifuna ukuzodwa. Lesi sifo sithuthukela kwesinye sezifomu ezimbili; izidakamizwa ezikhubazekile noma ezinamahloni, kanye nezidlova ezilakale.
Esimweni esisimungulu, izinja zithatha ukucindezeleka, zingacabangeli ubuhlungu, futhi zikhule ukukhubazeka emqaleni nasemisipha yomhlathi.
Kungase kubonakale sengathi bashaya noma babe nento ekhonjiwe emphinjeni wabo njengoba behlezi futhi behla. Izilwane ezifuywayo nezidakamizwa ezinamaqhinga ngokuvamile ziwela ku-coma bese zifa ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinguquko zokuqala.
I-rabies evuthayo iyisethulo esilawulayo "izimpawu ezimbi". Izinja ziba yingozi kakhulu futhi zinobudlova, futhi noma yikuphi umsindo owenza ukuhlasela. Izinja ezinjalo zihluma futhi zilume ngezinto zangempela noma ezicatshangwayo futhi zingase zihambe ngamamayela zihlasela noma yini endleleni yazo. Balahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkathazo zezitha zemvelo, futhi bavame ukuhlafuna noma ukugwinya izinto ezingenakutholakala njengamatshe noma izinkuni. Ukufa kwenzeka izinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa emva kokuqala kwempawu zomtholampilo ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuqhubekayo.
Izibonakaliso kanye nenkambo yama-rabies kubantu zifana nezilwane, kanye nezintambo zokufakelwa ngaphakathi kusukela emavikini amabili kuya ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Ayikho ikhambi ye-rabies.
Uma izibonakaliso zivela, isilinganiso sokufa kwesilwane noma umuntu cishe cishe amaphesenti angu-100.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa kungenziwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwezicubu zobuchopho ezivela esilwaneni esisolisayo; lokhu akunakwenziwa ngenkathi isilwane sisaphila. Izilwane zasendle ezenza ngokusola, noma ukuhlaselwa abantu noma izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zivuselelwe ngokushesha, futhi ubuchopho buhlolisise ubufakazi bokuthi i-rabies. Noma yisiphi isilwane esilunywa yisilwane esingakwazi ukuhlolelwa lesi sifo kufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi sivezwe ku-rabies.
UMthetho namaRabi
Izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zivikelwe ngokusebenzisa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngumthetho wezwe ngoba zihlangana nabantu abakhulu futhi zingadlulisela igciwane kubantu emva kokutheleleka yisilwane esibi. Umbuso ngamunye usungulwe imithetho yawo ngokuphathelene nokudonswa kwezidakamizwa ezifuywayo.
Izilwane zicatshangwa ukuthi ziyasakazeka nje ngaphambi nje nangesikhathi abonisa izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, isilwane esilumayo esikwazi ukudlulisela izifo ngesikhathi sokuluma sizovame ukuthuthukisa izimpawu phakathi nosuku lwezinsuku eziyishumi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinsuku eziyishumi yisikhathi sokunqunywa kokuhlukaniswa kwamacala ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ingozi yomuntu iphakeme kakhulu lapho isebenzelana nezilwane ezisolisayo ukuthi ziphephile kakhulu ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ezingavunyelwe ezihlanjululwe ezidambini ze-rabies zixilongwa futhi zihlolwe lesi sifo. Eminye imithetho yendawo noma yombuso ingavumela isilwane esidalula ukuthi siphile ngaphansi kokuhlukanisa izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi, uma kungekho zibonakaliso zakha, zigonywe ngaphambi kokukhululwa. Izincomo zezilwane ezifuywayo ezigonyelwe i-rabies ezitholakala kulesi sifo zihlanganisa ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha nokulawulwa komnikazi / ukubonwa okuqinile kwezinsuku ezingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-45.
Ukuvimbela amaRabi
Vimbela ukutholakala nokuvikela inja yakho kanye nawe ngokuvimbela ukuzulazula. Ukugcina umjovo wakhe wokugonywa kwamantombazane uvikela futhi umkhuhlane wakho engozini yokuxilongwa ukuze ahlolwe, uma evezwe. Noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nezilwane zasendle ezisebenza ngokuziphatha okungavamile, kuhlanganise namakati noma izinja ezilahlekile noma ezifisayo, kwandisa ingozi.
I-rabies virus igxila ezindlini eziningi zokuhlanza izindlu kanye nesobho.
Uma wena noma i-puppy yakho ihlushwa, hlanza kahle amanxeba ngamanzi ashisayo ukubulala igciwane elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ubonana nodokotela kanye / noma udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha. Umuthi wokugoma emva kokudonswa kwabantu otholakala kubantu cishe uphumelela ngamaphesenti angu-100 uma ulawulwa ngesikhathi esifanele.