Izinja zingummvelo wemvelo, futhi izinambuzane ze-heartworms ziye zaba yinkinga okungenani kusukela ngo-1922 lapho zitholakala kuqala. Namuhla, izinhliziyo zomzimba zitholakala emhlabeni wonke.
Yini Engenayo I-Heartworms?
I-heartworm Dirofilaria immitis ivela eqenjini lama- parasites okuthiwa ama-filarids futhi luhlobo lwe-wormwood. Bahlala emagumbini enhliziyo efanele kanye nemithambo ye-pulmonary - amaphaphu - izinja ezigciwane. Njengoba ungacabanga, amaphaphu nenhliziyo egcwele izibungu kungalimaza futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza komzimba.
Ngeke ukwazi ukutshela ukuthi i-puppy yakho inemivimbo yezinhliziyo. Awukwazi ukubona ngendlela ongayenza ngayo ama- fleas noma amathikithi. Futhi i-puppy yakho ngeke iphinde igule kuze kube yilapho isulelekile isikhathi esithile.
I-Heartworm Lifecycle
Isimpikiswano esiphakathi, umlingo, kuyadingeka ukuba udlulisele lesi sifo. Izinambuzane zidla izinambuzane ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i- microfilariae lapho zidla ukudla kwegazi enjaweni esele igciwane.
Ama-parasite angakapheli asebenzisa amasonto amathathu aqala ngaphakathi kwimiyane futhi athuthela emilonyeni yezinambuzane. Lapho umiyane uphinde udla ukudla kwegazi, izibungu zifakwa esikhumbeni futhi zithole ukungena emzimbeni omusha wesibindi ngokusebenzisa isilonda sokuluma esishiywe umiyane.
Uma ungaphakathi emzimbeni wenja, insizwa ye-heartworm ekhulile igxila ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa. Ekugcineni, ihambela enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yepulmonary lapho ikhula khona.
Izibungu ezindala zingafinyelela amasentimitha angu-4 kuya ku-12 ubude. Akuvamile ukuba izinja ezithathelwanayo ziphathe izinambuzane eziningi; ezingaphezu kuka-250 zitholiwe enja eyodwa.
Izimpethu ezindala kanye nabesifazane bachitha izinhlamvu ezingu-5000 ezincane ezinsukwini zonke ngosuku lwegazi lezinja. Lawa ma-microfilaria kumele agonywe ngumunyane ukuze aqhubeke nokuthuthukiswa kwawo kodwa angahlala ephila futhi engaphelele emgodleni wegazi lezinja iminyaka emithathu.
Umjikelezo wokuphila uthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
Amantombazane angatheleleka nge-microfilariae futhi angabonakali izimpawu zesifo ngisho nalapho evivinywa izinyanga eziningi. Bangase bangabonakali izimpawu iminyaka, kepha umonakalo uyaqhubeka uma nje benesifo.
Zonke izinja zingathola lesi sifo, kodwa labo abenza njalo bavame ukuvezwa omiyane. Lokho kusho ukuthi izingane ezisemaphandleni ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuzalanisa umiyane ezinjengezikhukhula noma amanzi amile angengozini enkulu.
Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo
Ama-heartworms angaphila enja kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu. Ekuqaleni, inja ingabonisi imiphumela emibi, kepha izimpawu zikhula futhi zikhule kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu ezivamile zikhwehlela, ukuphefumula, nokungafuni ukuzivocavoca. Ama-pups aphelelwe amandla angase aphelelwe amandla ngemuva kokudlalwa noma imidlalo.
Ekugcineni, inja iba buthakathaka, ingabi nalutho, ilahlekelwe isisindo, futhi ingase ikhwehle igazi. Izibonakaliso ezinzima zezifo zesifo sekwephuzile ziyi-congestive heart failure ezingase zibe nomphumela wokuwa ngokuzumayo nokufa.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuhlolwa kwendabuko kubheka ama-microfilariae egazini. Udokotela wezilwane udonsa isampula yegazi lejaji futhi uyibheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuthola izibungu zezingane. Ukuxilongwa kwanamuhla kusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezici. Esikhundleni sokubukeka ngokufuna i-microfilaria, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-antigen kungathola ukuthi kukhona izimpethu ezindala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zibe nezinsana.
I-X-rays kanye ne-echocardiography ihlola izinguquko ze-heart and lung, futhi ukuvuthwa kwe-urinalysis kubheka izimpawu zeprotheni.
Izinja ziwela ezigabeni ezine uma zifunyenwe. Isigaba esingozi kunazo zonke, isigaba 1, sivame ukuba izinja ezincane noma labo abanezifo zakuqala kanye nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezingenayo umonakalo wenhliziyo ebonakalayo. Izinja zeClass II ezithintekayo zinezimpawu ezincane noma eziphakathi nokho noma kunjalo zisesimweni esihle, kodwa zibe nobufakazi benhliziyo eyingozi. Izinja ze-Class III zithinteka kakhulu. Izinja zeSigaba IV zeCaval Syndrome ziwa futhi zizofa kusukela ekuguleni kwazo ngaphandle uma izibungu zisuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-Heartworm kukhuluma ngezigaba zokuphila ezahlukene ze-parasite. I-microfilaria esanda kuzalwa ibhukuda egazini, kanti izigaba "zentsha" ezihamba ngesikhumba senja, kufanele ziqedwe kuqala.
Lokho kusebenza ngezinhloso ezimbili.
Uma kuphela izibungu ezindala ezitholwa enhliziyweni, lezi zinambuzane ezingapheli zizoyishintsha njengoba zivuthiwe. Ukubulala lezi zinambuzane ezikhulayo kuqala futhi kunciphisa izinombolo zabantu abadala abazodinga ukwelashwa kamuva. Eminye yemithi yokuvimbela inyangazonke inganikezwa ngumnikazi ekhaya izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ukuze aqede ngokuphepha lezi zinyama ezincane ngaphambi kokuphatha abantu abadala.
Lapho izimpungushe ezikhulile seziphululiwe, izimpethu ezindala zibulawa ngochungechunge lwezokwelapha ezimbili noma ezintathu zesifo sokubulawa kwesibungu esibizwa ngokuthi i-melarsomine dihydrochloride. Lezi zinto zihlobene ne-arsenic futhi zijojelwe emisipha yempu yenja. Le ukwelashwa kungaba nzima nakakhulu emzimbeni wenja enempilo. Umjovo ubuhlungu futhi ungadinga imithi yobuhlungu nokunakekelwa okulandelwayo ukuvimbela u-abscess okungenzeka.
Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2011 ukuphela kokwelashwa kwe-heartworm e-FDA, i-Immiticide (eyenziwe yi-Merial) ayitholakali okwesikhashana. Udokotela wakho wezilwane angabhekisela ezinconyweni zokulawulwa kwezinhliziyo ezihlukile eMelika Heartworm Society.
Inja ephathwayo ingaya ekhaya kodwa kufanele ivalwe okungenani inyanga. Lokho kuvumela izibungu ezifile ukuba zithathwe ngumzimba. Ukuzivocavoca kungabangela ukuba izidumbu ezifayo zihambe emgodleni wegazi futhi zidale ukuvinjelwa - ukumbumbulu - okulimaza amaphaphu noma ukuphulukisa inhliziyo.
Ivermectin Ukwelashwa Option
Ukwelapha umjovo kungaba buhlungu futhi kuyabiza kakhulu. Esikhathini esedlule, izinja ezinobungozi obucatshangwa njengeClass I zingase ziphathwe isikhathi eside isikhathi eside nemikhiqizo yokuvimbela ivermectin esekelwe ngokuvamile efomu lepilisi . Ngeke ibulale abantu abadala kodwa izowinciphisa ukuze ingakwazi ukukhiqiza, futhi ifinyelele impilo yabo. Ibulala izigaba ezincane ze-parasite. Lezi zinja zihlala zinezinhliziyo ezineminyaka emibili, futhi izimpawu zingaba zimbi kuze kube yilapho izimpethu ezindala zigcina zifa ngokuguga. Udokotela wakho wezilwane angakukwazisa kakhulu mayelana nokwelashwa kwenja yakho.
QAPHELA! Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2013, ochwepheshe batusa ngokumelene nokusebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela izinhliziyo ezinjenge-Ivermectin ngendlela "yokuphuza kancane" ngoba ingakhuthaza ukumelana nezidakamizwa enhliziyweni, ngakho-ke yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphatha noma ukuvikela izinja ngokuphumelelayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa yokuthi amaphesenti angu-20 ezinja aphethwe izinhlungu ze-heartgirl aqhubeka enezinhlamvu ezincane okungenani unyaka noma ngaphezulu uma ethola ukwelashwa nyangazonke. Lapho bevuthwa futhi bezala, bangakwazi ukusabalalisa izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, indlela okhethwe njengamanje ihlala imithi yokwelapha - izidakamizwa zokubulala i-heartworm yabantu abadala.
Kodwa-ke, isincomo samanje simi ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kwangaphambili no-Ivermectin izinyanga ezimbili ukubulala i-microfilaria ngaphambi kokuphatha ne-melarsomine ukubulala izimpethu ezindala. Lokhu, kanye ne-Doxycycline (i-antibiotic) futhi mhlawumbe umuthi we-steroid-uhlobo, kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yemonakalo yemonakalo yamaphaphu engahlotshaniswa nezibungu ezifile. Udokotela wakho wezilwane uzoba nolwazi lwamuva lwesilwane sakho.
I-Heartworm Prevention
Izinguquko ekwelapheni ngeke zenze umehluko emithethweni yokuvimbela. Kuyinto elula kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo ze-heartworm ku-puppy yakho. NgokukaDkt. Wallace Graham, umongameli we-American Heartworm Society, amantombazane kufanele aqale ukuvimbela amasonto ayisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Ukuze uthole ama-pups ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala noma ngaphezulu ezingazange zivikeleke, kufanele kutholakale ukuhlolwa kwe-heartworm ngaphambi kokuqala imithi kanye nenja evivinywe izinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho ama-parasites. Ukuhlolwa konyaka emva kwalokho kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-puppy yakho ihlala iphilile. Nakuba izindawo ezithile zendawo ezinjengezindawo eziseningizimu ne-Mississippi Delta esifundeni sinezimo eziphakeme zezinambuzane, lesi sifo sitholiwe kuwo wonke amazwe angamashumi amahlanu.
Kunezidakamizwa eziningi zokuvimbela izinhliziyo, ezinye zibhebhebhebhethi ezinamafutha kanye nezinye ezihlangene nezikhukhula noma ezinye imikhiqizo yokuvimbela izidakamizwa njengokwelashwa kwendawo. Buza udokotela wakho wezilwane ukuthi atusa okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunazo zonke.