Esikhathini esidlule, kwaba inkolelo evamile ukuthi izinyoka azikwazanga ukuzwa okuningi noma yini ngoba zingenayo izindlebe zangaphandle futhi zingabonakali ukuphendula okuningi. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lwesayensi luyakuphikisa lokhu okungaqondakali okungajwayelekile.
I-Snake Ear Anatomy
Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi izinyoka zinezindlebe kodwa zikhona lapho. Ngokuqondile emehlweni abo, izinyoka zinezindlebe ezimbili njengezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo. Abanayo izindlebe zangaphandle (ezivame ukubhekwa njengezindlebe zezintambo, i-pinnae, noma i-auricles), kodwa banezinyosi ezincane ezinhlangothini zekhanda labo ezivulekele izindlebe.
Ngaphakathi komgodi ngamunye omncane wezintambo kuyindlebe engaphakathi esebenzayo kodwa ayikho i-eardrum (isifenqa se-tympanic) noma indlebe ephakathi. Indlebe yangaphakathi igcwele umoya ezinyoka ngenkathi ezinye izilwane eziningi zinezindlebe zangaphakathi ezigcwala amanzi.
Indlela Izinyoka Ezizwa Ngayo
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngaphambili, izinyoka azikho izindlebe zangaphandle (pinnae) noma ama-eardrum njengathi sinakho kodwa zakhiwe ngokugcwele izakhiwo zendlebe. Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi zendlebe, banethambo elibizwa ngokuthi i-quadrate bone emaseni abo. Leli bone lihamba kancane ekuphenduleni izidakamizwa ngenkathi lihlala phansi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kodwa kungenqunyelwe ukuthi izinyoka zingase zizwe imisindo engazange iguqule phansi.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi le quadrate bone, eqinisweni, isabela ekudumeni kwamanye amazwe kanye nokudumala komhlaba (okucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenxa yezifo zomgogodla eziye zaqhuba izidakamizwa esikhumbeni zibaqaphela futhi zenza ukuba ithambo le-quadrate lidlidliza futhi libhekwe ngokuthi ukuzwa kwe-somatic).
Njengezinye izindlebe zezilwane, lokhu kuhamba kudluliselwa (nge amathambo) entendeni yangaphakathi bese izimpawu zithunyelwa ebuchosheni futhi zihunyushwa njengomsindo.
Yini Izinyoka Ezizwayo?
I-pitch (umsindo ophezulu noma ophansi) ulinganiswa ku-Hertz (Hz) nokuthi umsindo othulile noma ozwakalayo ulinganiselwa kanjani kuma-decibel (db). I-Hertz ngokuyinhloko lokho abacwaningi abaye balinganisa ukuze banqume ukuthi inyoka ingakwazi yini ukuzwa noma cha.
Abanye abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi izinyoka ziyakwazi ukubona ukuvunguza kwamaphampo aphansi nokuzwakalisa komhlaba ngokusebenzisa izindlebe zabo zangaphakathi (ku-range ka-50-1,000 Hz) kodwa okuningi akukaqondakali ngokuqondene ncamashi nenyoka ezwayo. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi ubukhulu bokuzwela kwabo bububanzi obungama-200-300 Hz kanti abanye babonisa kulobubanzi buka-80-160 Hz.
Umuntu onamakhono amaningi okuzwa angazwa noma yini phakathi kuka-20-20,000 Hz. I-20-25 i-Hz ichazwa njengomsindo ophansi kunazo zonke ongayenza isitho sombhobho noma umsindo we- cat low low ngenkathi cishe u-4 100 Hz yiyona inothi eliphakeme kakhulu ipiyano engayenza. Ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi manje siyazi ukuthi izinyoka zingakwazi ukuzwa nje ukuthi yini esizoyibheka imisindo ephansi.
Njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinyoka ziye zasetshenziselwa izifundo ezihlukahlukene, kusenzima ukwenza isitatimende sengubo mayelana nazo zonke izinyoka nokuzwa. Sibheka ukuthi izinyoka zonke zinamakhono afanayo okuzwa ngoba zinezinzwa ezifanayo zendlebe kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi izinyoka ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukene ziyakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ehlukene yemisindo.
Ingabe Inyoka Yakho Ingakuzwa Ukhuluma?
Njengoba sazi ukuthi ukuzwa okukhulu kwenyoka ku-200-300 Hz ububanzi futhi izwi elivamile lomuntu lingaba ngu-250 Hz singanquma ukuthi inyoka yesilwane ingakwazi ukuzwa ukhuluma nabo.
Lokhu kusekela lokho abanikazi abaningi bezinyoka abakushoyo nokuthi inyoka yesilwane ingaqaphela ukuthi igama layo libizwa.