Ingxenye 1: Ukuhlukunyezwa Okubuhlungu
Kuzo zonke i-imeyili engizitholayo, ezinye zezinhlungu ezinzima kunazo zonke zivela kubantu abaphoqeleka ukuyeka amakati abo ngenxa yezinkinga zezindlu. Abanikazi bezindlu ngeke bavumele izilwane ezifuywayo noma izinhlangano zabanikazi bezindlu ukuthi ziphoqelele imithetho yokunciphisa noma ukungavumeli izilwane ezifuywayo, futhi manje sekuphoqelelwe ukuba enze isinqumo, ngokuvamile ngexwayiso esincane: beka ikati labo noma bazame ukuthola ikhaya elisha. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ngibhekane nesimo esifanayo.
Nginenhlanhla ngokuthi nginabangane abazimisele ukuzinakekela ikati lami kuze kube yilapho ngikwazi ukuthola enye, ifulethi elinomusa elincane.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onenhlanhla. E-California, lapho ngiphila khona, iSanta Clara Humane Society ithi amaphesenti angu-26 kuphela amakati kanye namaphesenti angu-25,9 ezinja ezalethwa emphakathini kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi kulo nyaka zanikezwa ngenxa yezidingo zabanikazi bomhlaba. ¹ Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, uma zonke izindlu zokuqasha zivumela izilwane ezifuywayo, izilwane ezingaba ngu-6.5 million zingafakwa emakhaya.
Kodwa-ke, ubuso bayo, abantu okufanele bahlale ezindlini eziqashisayo ngokuvamile kufanele balandele imithetho yomninikhaya, okuyizimo eziningi ezibandakanya " Azikho izilwane ezifuywayo ." Okulungile noma cha, abanikazi bendawo banelungelo lokuphoqelela imithetho ehlose ukuvikela impahla yabo ngokumelene nomonakalo, nangenxa yokuthi "abanikazi bezilwane ezimbi" zangaphambilini, abanikazi abaningi bezindawo eziqashisayo banomthetho "ongekho emfuyweni" ongenamthetho.
Nakuba imithetho yezindlu ifuna umninikhaya ukuba akuvumele "ukuthokozela okuthula" kwekhaya lakho, lokhu akubandakanyi ilungelo lokuba nezilwane ezifuywayo, ezimweni eziningi.
Usizo lwabadala nabakhubazekile
Okungafani nalokhu ku-Federal Pet Law ka-1980, okuvumela abantu abakhubazekile nabantu asebekhulile abahlala ezindlini eziqashiwe ezingekho emndenini eziqashiwe ngokwezimali, ukuba babe nabanikazi babo noma bahlale bezilwane ezifuywayo ezivamile, kuhlanganise nezinja namakati.
Abanikazi nabaphathi bangadinga idiphozi yesilwane kanye / noma benze imithetho efanelekayo yokugcina izilwane ezifuywayo. Imithetho ye-Federal Fair Housing ivimbela ukucwaswa kubantu asebekhulile nabakhubazekile abahlala ezindlini ezisizwa nge-HUD:
- Umnikazi / i-ejenti angeke asebenzise noma agcizelele imithetho yezilwane zasendlini ezakhiwe ngokuhambisana nesigaba 4 saleli bhuku ngokumelene nabantu nezilwane ezisetshenziselwa ukusiza abantu abakhubazekile (isib. Izinja zokuqondisa kubantu abanemibono yokukhubazeka, izinja zokulalela kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa , kanye nezilwane zokusekela ngokomzwelo kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esingapheli).
- Incazelo ye "imithetho yesilwane" ngaphansi kwalesi senzo ihlanganisa: izidingo zokukhokha idiphozi yesilwane esabuyiselwayo, ngezibonelelo zokuqongelela kancane kancane, kwezinye izimo zediphozi; amacala okukhishwa kwemfucuza yesilwane kumnikazi wezilwane ohluleka ukususa imfucuza yezilwane; izindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwezilwane kunomkhawulo kulabo abadingekile ukuvikela isimo seyunithi yomqashi; ukugawula / ukuhambisa inja noma ikati; ukuvimbela izifuyo ezivela ezindaweni ezivamile ezicacisiwe; ukulinganiselwa ubude besikhathi isilwane singasala singasilindelwe endaweni yokuhlala; ukulawula umsindo kanye nephunga elibangelwa isilwane; kanye nokulayiseniswa kwezilwane ngokuhambisana nemithetho noma imithethonqubo yendawo.
Qaphela ukuthi "ukubonakala" njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphansi kwale mithetho kuhlanganisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kanye nezinye ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba. Icala elibalulwe esigabeni esilandelayo yisibonelo esihle.
Okulandelayo> Santiago vs Soto
Eminye imithetho yendawo iphinde ivunyelwe ukubandlululwa kwabakhubazekile. UMuzi waseChicago wamisa i-Fair Housing Ordinance (FHO). E-Santiago v. Soto, umqashi okhubazekile ngengqondo, uReinaldo Santiago, wavinjelwa ukuba angenayo inja, okwakuthiwa abahlengikazi bakhe babesidinga impilo yakhe yengqondo, yi-"Ikomidi Lokukhethwa" lendawo yokuhlala lapho ehlala khona. Ekutholeni uMmangali, iKhomishinari yaseChicago yezobudlelwane Bomuntu yayikuthi lokhu:
Ngisho nangaphandle kokubhekisela emithethweni, i-FHO kumele icaciswe ngokuthi iyala ngokuthi umninikhaya "angenele ngokufanele" izidingo ezikhethekile zomuntu okhubazekile ngokususa izithiyo, njengokuthi "umbuso wama-pets" lapho kudingeka khona ukuvumela umuntu okhubazekile ukusebenzisa nokujabulela izindlu zabo. Ukuhluleka ukuhlala, ngaphandle uma indawo yokuhlala leyo ingadala ubunzima obungadingekile kumnikazi wendawo, ibeka "ubandlululo" ngesisekelo sokukhubazeka ...
IKhomishana ithola ukuthi isidingo sikaReinaldo senja singase sibaluleke kuye njengesidingo sikashukela se-insulin. Incwadi kaDkt. Sanchez kaDisemba 21, 1990 yazisa ummangalelwa ukuthi uReinaldo wayekhubazekile ngokwengqondo nokuthi isimo sakhe sengqondo sasizosizwa kakhulu ngokuba nenja. Yisiphi isidingo sokuthi umuntu okhutshaziwe kufanele afanele ukuhlala? Ummangalelwa kufanele asenze ukuthi siqondise ukuthi ukulungisa indawo yokuhlala, ophikisanayo kumele akhombise ukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlala angeke akwazi ngokuphelele ukuhlala ezindlini. Lokhu akuyona izinga elifanele. Umqashi ongaboni kahle angaphila ezindlini ngaphandle kwenja yokusekela. Isihlalo sabakhubazekile esibophe umqashi singacabanga ukuthi sihlala endaweni yokuhlala eyayingatholakali ngokuphelele. Umbuzo wangempela awukona ukuthi izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile kufanele zikwazi ukunqoba izithiyo zokujabulela izindlu zazo; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukususwa kwalezo zithiyo kuzobavumela ukuba basebenzise ngokugcwele futhi basebenzise kalula futhi bajabulele izindlu.
I-Santiago v. Soto
IKhomishana ithola ukuthi uMmangalelwa wephule i-FHO ngokungafuni ukufakaza ngokufanele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo koMmangalelwa.
Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Reinaldo akagcini nje ngokunikezwa ilungelo lokuba nenja, kodwa futhi ukubuyisela imali yezomthetho, izindleko zezokwelapha, kanye nokwahlulela okungu $ 25,000 "kobuhlungu nokuhlupheka."
¹ HSUS "Ukuqasha ngezilwane ezifuywayo"
Okulandelayo> Ngisho nabanikazi bezindlu abahlali bekhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi
Hlola ama-Law County kanye ne-CC & R ngaphambi kokuthenga
Ngokuphambene ne-American Dream, noma isisho esidala, "Indoda yomuntu yindonga yakhe," ubunikazi bekhaya akusiyo yonke indawo ekusikeleni ukucwaswa. Izinhlangano zabanikazi bezindlu zingase zibe neCC & Rs enciphisa inani lezilwane ezivumelekile ekhaya, noma empeleni, lingavumeli noma yiziphi izilwane ezifuywayo. Lezi zamuva zivame ukutholakala ezinhlanganweni ze-condominium. Kumele kube umthengi wezindlu noma i-condominium ukucela futhi ufunde ngokucophelela yonke i-CC & R kanye namanye amadokhumenti omnini ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ukuthenga.
Uma kungenjalo ungase uhlangabezane nempi esemthethweni kamuva ukuze ugcine amakati nezinja zakho, okungenzeka ulahlekelwe kakhulu.
Ifulethini Ukuhlala Nezilwane Ezifuywayo
URon Leshnower, Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuPhila / Ukuqasha, ubhale isihloko esihle kakhulu kulokhu okushiwo. Ngincoma kakhulu ukuthi ngiyifunde futhi ngiphinde ngiyiphrinta ukuze ngifunde esikhathini esizayo:
Iminyango eminingi yabantu basekhaya, eboshiwe yizihlobo ezifuywayo zezilwane ezifuywayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlu, zenze uhlu lwezindawo zokuhlala ezinobungozi nezindawo zokuqashisa ezindaweni zabo. Ngibeke ingxenye yesisetshenziswa salolu hlu, olutholakala ezixhumaneni ezibalulwe ngezansi. Uma kwenzeka uzithola kulesi simo esibuhlungu, ungase ukwazi ukuthola usizo ngalezi zinsiza. Akekho okufanele alahlekelwe isilwane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlu ezizokwamukela.
Ukufunda okwengeziwe
- I-Legal Encyclopedia From Nolo.com, izincwadi zokutadisha ezingathengwa.
- Azikho izinja ezivunyelwe? Izindaba zezindaba ezivela ku-AWIC
- HSUS "Izilwane ezifuywayo ziyakwamukelwa"