Ukuqonda i-Anesthesia yamakati

Kubanikazi bekati abanolwazi, akukho lutho olwesabekayo njengoba utshele ikati lakho lidinga ukuba lihlelwe yinkimbinkimbi ngenqubo. I-anesthesia - echazwa ngokuthi "ukulahlekelwa umuzwa noma ukuzwa" - isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezilwane, futhi inikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo ezibuhlungu.

Ngokuqinisekile akekho ozoke alindele ukuthi ikati labo lilahlwe noma lingathathwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kangcono ezinye zezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa izinzwa zokubulala izinzwa kanye nama-analgesics (ukuphulukiswa kobuhlungu), ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, kanye nokushiyeka kwazo okungenzeka, kuzosisiza ukuba senze izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu uma kuziwa ekudambiseni amakati ethu.

Ukulinganisa kwangaphambi komzimba

Amakati ngokuvamile anikwe izidakamizwa noma izinselelo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-anesthesia, noma njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokungeniswa. Lezi zidakamizwa zihlaziye futhi zithulise isilwane ukuze zifakwe emasikini noma i-tracheal tube edingekayo ukuze i-anesthesia e-inhalant. Zivumela futhi inani elincanyana lokubulala umzimba, usizo ekunciphiseni ukuhlanza, nokukhuthaza isikhathi sokutakula ngokushesha. Izidakamizwa ezithandwayo ngokuvamile zilawulwa umjovo, ngokuyinhloko ingxenye enkulu, nakuba i-Ketamine inganikezwa nge-intramuscularly. Ama-anesthetics angenayo ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinqubo ezisheshayo, njengezigaba ze-C noma i-spay / neutering.

Ama-anesthetic agents angenalutho awela emaqenjini amathathu amakhulu: ama-Barbiturates, ama-Dissociative Anesthetics (ama-DA), nama-Nonbarbiturate Hypnotics. I-Acepromazine, i-sedative ejwayele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ngokuhambisana ne-analgesic, njenge-pethidine noma i-buprenorphine ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuthembekile.

I-Propofol (i-hypoturate hypnotic), i-"jectject of choice "yezinqubo ezithile zezilwane, njengoba isebenza ngokushesha, inika isikhathi sokuphumula ngokushesha, futhi ingavamile ukudala izidakamizwa. Isilinganiso se-propofol, ngokuqondene nazo zonke izidakamizwa ezilayisensiwe, ilawulwa yi-FDA. Kodwa-ke, i-propofol iphikisana namakati anezifo ezithile zesibindi, ngoba ngokuyinhloko i-metabolized nge isibindi.

I-Ketamine, (i-DA) isetshenziselwa kabanzi njengezidakamizwa zangaphambi kokubulala umzimba, futhi kuhlangene nezinye izidakamizwa, njenge-Acepromazine, njenge-anesthesia ephelele yezinqubo ezithile. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile, nakuba abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zamakati noma izinja zingase zibe engozini ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. I-Ketamine ayi-nonnarcotic futhi ayinayo ibarbiturate, kodwa ngokuthakazelisayo, i-hallucinogenic futhi isetshenziswa abanye abantu njengezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ngenhloso. I-Ketamine iphikisana namakati aphethwe yisifo senhliziyo (izinso) noma i- hepatic lipidosis (isimo sesibindi), nezinye izimo ezithile.

I-Inhalant Anesthetics

Isofluorane yashintsha i-anesthesia yezilwane ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo (ikakhulukazi iziguli ezindala noma eziyekezelekile), ukululama ngokushesha kwesiguli ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngeke kwenzeke noma kukhulise ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo. Isofluorane yalahlekelwa i-patent yayo, ngakho-ke iyabiza kakhulu kunama-inhalants amasha, futhi isacatshangelwa ukuthi i-anesthetic yokuzikhethela kwezokwelapha izilwane ezikhulelwe (kubandakanya c-izingxenye) kanye nezilwane ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Kuthiwe ukuthi akukho into enjenge-anesthetic ephelele, kanti njalo ikhona engaba khona ingozi nganoma yimuphi wabo.

Ngakho-ke kusenza sikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole ngaphambi kokuba sivumele noma iyiphi inqubo efuna i-anesthesia, futhi sigxile ekuhlolweni kwegazi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwesisu. Lokhu kuqapha akuyona isiqinisekiso nganoma iyiphi indlela (isibonelo, i-Cardiomyopathy ngeke ibonise phezulu kwephaneli legazi), kodwa ingasiza uzilwane wakho wezilwane ukuthi anqume ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzekwa kwama-anesthetic noma inhlanganisela ye-anesthetics ekati lakho. Izimo ezithile angeke zinciphise isidingo se-anesthesia, kodwa ezinye izinyathelo zokuqapha, ezifana nokuqapha inhliziyo kanye / noma usizo lwe-oksijeni zingangezwa ngokuphepha okwengeziwe.

Izingozi ezinokwenzeka ngegama lomuthi

Lolu hlu aluhloselwe ukufaka ukwesaba noma ukukwenza ukuba usebenzise imithi yakho yezilwane. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa njengesiqondiso sokubuza imibuzo. I-veterinarian yakho izojabula ukuphucula ingqondo yakho mayelana nohlobo lwezinzwa zokubulala (anesthetic or s) ezihlose ukuyisebenzisa, futhi kungani.

• Ama-barbiturates (thiopental, thiamylal, methohexital):
  Lesi sidakamizwa sinamandla okucindezeleka ukuphefumula ngokulinganiselwa ngokweqile. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-anesthetic isikhathi eside kungaba yinkinga uma izibhamu zisetshenziselwa izilwane ezindala, izilwane ezifuywayo (okuvame ukuba zidinga isilinganiso esiphezulu), noma ezinye izilwane ezinomsebenzi owenziwe nge-hepatic ne-renal, okwehlisa umzimba ngokwemithi.
• I-Ketamine: Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngamandla kunomsebenzi wokucindezeleka wenhliziyo, umsebenzi ophethwe ukuphefumula, kuhlanganise ne-apnea (ukungaphefumuli kanye / noma i-edema ye-pulmonary ngokuzumayo noma uketshezi emaphashini) amakati anesifo senhliziyo noma ukuwohloka okukhulu.
• I-Propofol (ithengiswe njenge-PropoFlo, i-Rapinovet, ne-Dipravan) : Lesi sidakamizwa singabangela i-apnea uma ikhushulwa ngokushesha, futhi ukweqa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuboshwa komzimba, kodwa ngokuvamile kunemiphumela encane ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo.
• I-Acepromazine: Ngenxa yokuthi ayiyona i-analgesic, i-acepromazine ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nenye indlela yokudambisa. Kuphikisana nezilwane nge-CNS (isimiso esiyisisekelo sezinzwa), futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela i-hypothermia.
• I-Halothane (inhalant): Lesi sidakamizwa singaholela ekucindezelekeni kwe-cardiopulmonary, kanye nengozi ye-hypothermia embi kwezinye izinhlobo / izinkinga.
• Isoflurane (inhalant): Lesi sidakamizwa singabangela ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula nokucindezeleka kwengqondo.

> Umthombo: Kusuka ku-University of Minnesota Izinkombandlela Zokuhlinzeka Nge-Anesthesia, i-Analgesia, ne-Sedation