Ukuqonda Nokunakekela Izimbongolo Namaduna

by I-OMAFRA Imfuyo Yokwenza Imfuyo

I-terminology yama-Mule, izici nokuhluka

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izimbongolo eziyizigidi ezingu-50 (i-Equus asinus) nama-mules amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Zingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezifana nokugibela, ukushayela, ukuvikela umhlambi, umngane, ukuzala, nokuqeqesha amathole. Izimbongolo nama-mules akuzona amahhashi amancane. Banobuhlobo obuhlukile bomzimba nabomzimba uma kuqhathaniswa namahhashi nokunakekelwa kwabo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Ukungezwani kwesakhiwo ngokuqhathaniswa namahhashi kusho ukuthi badinga ukukhethwa okukhethekile kanye nokubopha ukugibela nokushayela (1).

I-terminology

UJack: imbongolo yesilisa

UJennet noma uJenny (bobabili basho okufanayo): imbongolo yesifazane
Idonsa ihamba: imbongolo yeduna e-Castrated
I-Mule: Inzalo yokugaya i-jack enehhashi (ihhashi lesifazane)
I-Hinny: Inzalo yokulinganisa i-stallion (ihhashi lamadoda) nejennet

Izilwane ezivuthiwe zingahle zikhethwe ngezigaba ezilandelayo ngokususelwa ekuphakameni kulinganiswa lapho kubonakala khona:

Okuncane: ngaphansi kwama-intshi angu-36
Standard Standard: kusuka ku-36.01 kuya kuma-intshi angu-48
Standard Standard: ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-48 nangaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-54 kwabesifazane; ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-48 nangaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-56 for jacks kanye geldings
Amammoth: amasentimitha angu-54 noma ngaphezulu kwabesifazane namasentimitha angu-56 noma ngaphezulu kwabesilisa

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi ngemikhombandlela yokubhalisa, xhumana neCanada Donkey ne-Mule Association (http://www.donkeyandmule.com/).

Ukwahlukana Kwe-Anatomical Between Horses kanye nezimbongolo

Ukuhlukana okungafani kwamathambo kungayinselela umnikazi we-donkey wokuqala kanye nodokotela wabo wezilwane. Eminye yalezi zihlanganisa:

Umsele we-jugular ofihliwe (indawo lapho kuthathwa khona amasampula egazi noma ama-tranquilizers). I-muscle ye-coli encane kakhulu kakhulu kunayo ihhashi futhi ifihla ingxenye yesithathu ye-vein jugular. Kulula ukuthola ingxenye yesithathu engenayo ye-jugular.
Umzila ongenawo umlenze wembongolo utholakala emgodini we-nostril kunokuba phansi kwekhanda njengoba kuhhashi (2).

Ukuziphatha

Izimbongolo kanye nama-mules aziwa ukuthi yizilwane ezise-stoic eziphuza ukukhombisa ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka. Ngenkathi lezi zici zingase zibe ezifiselekayo ezimweni eziningi, zingaholela ezinkingeni ezikhomba isilwane esigulayo. Izimfanelo esizinikezela imbongolo enenkani futhi ukungabi nokuhlakanipha zivela empilweni yabo yemvelo ekuhlangenwe nakho okusha kanye nokuhumusha okunengqondo kwesimo. Njengoba izilwane ezinzima, zizokhahlela kalula futhi ngokushesha (2). Izimbongolo kanye nama-mules ziyizilwane zenhlalo kakhulu futhi zizozuza ngokukhululeka ekuhlanganiseni kwezinye izilwane, njengehhashi, izinkomo, izimvu noma izimbuzi.

Abalobi: Heather McClinchey MSx; UJeffrey Sankey, BSc, i-Ontario Veterinary College, u-Guelph, i-Guelph, i-Ontario, iCanada kanye noDkt. Bob Wright, i-Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, eFergus, e-Ontario, eCanada

Ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuphathwa kwamadlelo

Amadonki nama-mules angaphila emadlelweni angaphezu kwehhashi. Ukudla okuluhlaza okufanelekayo kwamahhashi kungase kucebe kakhulu amaprotheni namandla, ngakho-ke, akufanelekile izimbongolo. Ukudla okunomile okudliwayo kokudla njengephesenti yesisindo somzimba kumele kube yi-1.75% -2.25% ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwezimbongolo eziningi nama-mules. Izilwane ezikhulelwe, ukuhlengikaza, ukukhula, noma ukusetshenziselwa umsebenzi okhuni, zizoba nezidingo ezengeziwe zokudla (i-oats eqoshiwe, okusanhlamvu, utshani noma amadlelo) ngaphezu kwezidingo zabo zokugcina (1).

Izimbongolo zivumelekile ukuba zidle ngokukhululekile emadlelweni acebile zingase zithande ukukhuluphala, i-laminitis (umsunguli) kanye ne-hyperlipidemia (ngokweqile kwamafutha egazini).

Uma ubala izidingo zamandla wembongolo yakho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isisindo somzimba wabo asikwazi ukulinganiselwa usebenzisa isamba se-girth yesisindo esenzelwe amahhashi. Ukufakwa kwezimpawu zomzimba kwamadonki kuyodinga ukuhlukaniswa kwengqondo ehlukile kwalokho okusetshenziselwa amahhashi ngoba izimbongolo zibeka amafutha ngendlela ehlukile kuneamahhashi.

Izimbongolo zingashintshwa ngezinkomo nezimvu emadlelweni. Lokhu ukuphatha kusiza ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamadlelo nokunciphisa ukutholakala kwezinambuzane, ngoba ama-parasite awabiwe ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinhlobo (1,3). Izimvu kanye / noma izinkomo zidla amadlelo emva kokuba izimbongolo zidle utshani obusele kanye nezimpungushe ezithintekile ezifudumele zisuka esitokisini zihluma kuze kube semanzini otshani. Izimbongolo zivame ukudala indawo lapho zingathatha khona uthuli kanye / noma izihlabathi zasolwandle ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo (4).

Amadonki nama-mules kufanele ahlale efinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile nosawoti. Usawoti okhululekile ukhethwa ngaphezu kwe-block salt ngoba uzosusa umthamo omkhulu usawoti ovulekile kunokwesikhungo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero.

Izilwane eziningi zizodla noma yikuphi kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-25 amalitha amanzi ngosuku. Iqhwa ngeke lihlinzeke lezi zilwane ngamanzi anele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamanzi okungenawo amanzi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-0 ° C.

Shelter

Izimbongolo kanye nama-mules zivela njengezilwane zasendle futhi zijwayele ukushintshwa ezifudumele. Bangenza kahle ezindaweni ezipholile, kodwa badinga izindawo zokuhlala noma izinqolobane ezimweni ezibandayo nezimanzi. Izindlu ezihlala ngaphakathi noma ukugijima ngaphakathi kudingekile ngezikhathi zezingqikithi zezulu, ikakhulukazi izimbongolo zezilwane kanye namadodakazi abo. Indwangu yembongolo ayihlinzeki ngokuvikelwa okudingekayo futhi amantombazane angakwazi ukukhishwa kalula. Izimbongolo zivame ukukhula isikhathi eside, amajazi angama-coarser angenayo i-undercoat evikelayo amahhashi ebusika (4).

Ukunakekelwa kweHoop

Ukunakekelwa kwezinyosi izimbongolo nama-mules kuyadingeka njalo emavikini angu-6-8. Kukhona umehluko ekuqaliseni izinselo zembongolo uma kuqhathaniswa nehhashi. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ziqondile, zikhuni, futhi zinwebeka kakhulu kunamahhashi. Ama-bulb wezinkumbi azintuthuko athuthukile futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwama-bulb esithende akuphelelanga. Izithende zinde ngokwemvelo. Ama-angtern angaphezulu angaphezu kwehhashi. I-frog yenselo yedonsi ayihlosiwe ukuba ibe nesisindo (5). Ngokuvamile, ama-mules azoba nezilinganiso ezifaniyo nezimbongolo noma amahhashi

I-Genetics nokuzala

Amahhashi anama-chromosomes angama-64, kuyilapho izimbongolo zingenama-62. Lapho amahhashi nezimbongolo zitholakala, inzalo ye-mule inamakhilogromosomes angu-63. Isikhathi sokubeletha ezimbonini siyizinyanga ezingu-12 ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa singase sinezinyanga ezingu-11 kuya kwezingu-14. Naphezu kokubhekwa njengesinyumba, ama-mare mules nama-mare hinnies bazoba nemigqa ye-estrus. Le mijikelezo ingaba njalo, noma eguquguqukayo futhi eguquguqukayo. Ama-hinni nama-mules angasetshenziswa njengabamukeli bokudlulisa umbungu kodwa kunakekelwa kufanele kunikwe ukuhambisana komnikeli nomamukeli.

Kuye kwaba khona amakhophi okucubungula okuyizinyosi emzimbeni wesifazane kepha hhayi i-hinny yowesifazane (7). Umbiko ovela eMorocco ubonisa ukuthi umama we-mule wakhiqiza i-foal nama-chromosomes angu-62. Amaseli e-mare yamale ayengumongo, amanye athatha ama-chromosomes angama-63 kanti amanye athatha izintambo ezingu-62. I-foal inamalungu angu-62 futhi ikholelwa ukuthi ibelethwe imbongolo. Lena yinduna yesine yezinsikazi okumele iqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhule (8).

Izimbongolo zesilisa ezingenakwenzeka kanye nama-mules zingaba "stallion-like" noma ukuziphatha okubi. Uma ingasetshenziselwa ukuzalisa noma njengenhlayiya, kunconywa kakhulu ukuba iphoswe. I-Castration kumele yenziwe ngudokotela wezilwane.

Ama-parasites

Izimbongolo kanye nama-mules nazo zingaphathwa yi-ectoparasites (izimpungushe zesikhumba) njengezimpukane, izinyosi, imikhaza, izibungu nempi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana neLice kumaHors ubheke. www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/horses/facts/info_lice.htm.

Izimpungushe zangaphakathi ezichaphazela izimbongolo nama-mules zijwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-equid, ngakho-ke, izincomo zokulawulwa nokwelashwa yilabo esiwasebenzisela amahhashi.

Kodwa-ke, ama-lungworms abikwa ukuthi avame kakhulu ezimbonini kunamahhashi. Uhlelo olubanzi lokulawulwa kwezinambuzane kumele lubandakanye ukuphathwa kwamadlelo kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwe-anthelmintic wormer. Ukwenza isimiso sokubala kwamaqanda amaqanda kuzosiza ukunquma ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokwelapha nokulawula.

I-Anthelmintics kufanele ikhethwe ngokuzikhandla futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kuhanjiswe kancane ukuze kunciphise ukutholakala kokumelana. Ukujikeleza okunciphisa kwezibungu kunconywa (kubiza okufanayo phakathi nenkathi yonyaka noma ngaphezulu). Udokotela wakho wezilwane angasiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olufanele lokulawulwa kwama-parasite.

Ukugonywa

Ukusetshenziswa kwemigomo yamahhashi yezimbongolo nama-mules kuyadingeka ngoba ayikho imishanguzo eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile kubo. Ama-protocols for uhlelo lokugoma ngokuvamile athintshaniswa nalawo anconywa amahhashi. I-chance yokuphendula kabi emitholampilo kucatshangwa ukuthi ifana namahhashi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimbongolo kanye nama-mules zigonywe ukusiza ekulawuleni ukusakazeka kwezifo.

Isifingqo

Izincomo ezingenhla zihloselwe ukwethula imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuphathwa kwembongolo yakho noma imbali. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa nge-imbongolo, ukunakekelwa kwe-mule nokuhweba kwamahhashi, bhekisa ku-http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/index.html#horses.

Izinkomba

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Peregrine A. (2003) Ukuxhumana komuntu siqu.

Induna. I-Alberta Ezolimo, Ukudla Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo zasemakhaya http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex598
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Taylor TS, Matthews NS, Blanchard TL. Isingeniso kumadonki ase-US, Assology Elementary. I-Texas A & M University College ye-Veterinary Medicine
http://www.donkeyandmule.com
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