01 ngo-04
Ingabe Isikhathi Sokukhanyisa I-LED Emthonjeni Wakho Wemifolo?
Ukukhanya kwe-LED Light. I-Graphic ngu-Stan Hauter Eminyakeni edlule, ukukhanya kwe-tank ekhanyayo kuye kwaqhubeka kusuka ku-Fluorescent kuya ku-VHO kuya ku-Metal Halide kuya ku-Compact Fluorescent kuya, (ekugcineni) I- Light Emitting Diodes (ama-LED) . Noma nini umkhiqizo omusha uhlasela imakethe, ngokuvamile kuvamile (umuntu kufanele akhokhe iR & D). Amanani wehla uma umkhiqizo uqala ukufuna nokuncintisana kuqhuma njengoba izinkampani eziningi ziqala ukunikeza umkhiqizo omusha. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kwe- LED kwakunikezwa kuphela njengezibani zenyanga ezongezwe kumasimu akhona ukuze zisetshenziswe ebusuku kuphela. Njengoba ukuthandwa kwabo kwanda, futhi izindleko zabo behla abakhiqizi baqala ukuhlinzekela izakhiwo ngobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Ama-LED wokuqala awazange asondele eduze nalokho okungafunwa khona umthamo wamanzi wamanzi osawoti kuze kube sekukhanyeni, Ukushisa Kwamabala Okuhlanganisiwe (CCT) kanye / noma I-Color Rendering Index (CRI). Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED kuye kwanda ngezinga eliphawulekayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, zombili ngemibala etholakalayo nokukhanya okukhulu. Kukhona manje i-8000K Daylight kanye ne-LED yama-Actinic esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwe-aquarium. Kuzoba khona ama-LED angu-14000K maduzane.
02 ka 04
Yeka ukuthi ama-LED asebenza kanjani
I-LED Junction. I-Graphic Dept. of Energy Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lubeke uphawu lwe-P lunama-bubbles amahle (amaprotoni); ohlangothini lwesokudla olubekwe uphawu N lunamabhule amabi (ama-electron); indawo yendawo ekhombisa ukuthi amaprotoni nama-electron ahlangana kanjani, ngemicibisholo ephuma ebhokisini kuleli phuzu, ibhalwe ukukhanya. Umgwamanda (isifunda sokuchitha) umakwe ngenhla kwesigaba N. Ama-electron ageleza ngokusebenzisa ucingo oluxhuma esigabeni seP kuya ekugcineni kwesibhethri, nangomunye ucingo oxhuma ukuphela kwebhethri okungenawo esihlokweni se-N.
Ama-LED ahlukile emithonjeni yokukhanya yendabuko ngendlela enza ngayo ukukhanya. Esikhathini sesibani se-incandescent, i-tungsten filament iyashiswa ngogesi kagesi kuze iqhume noma iphume ukukhanya. Esikhanyeni se-fluorescent, i-arc kagesi ikhuthaza ama-athomu ama-mercury, okuphuma emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV). Ngemuva kokushaya ingubo ye-phosphor ngaphakathi kwezingilazi zemibukiso, imisebe ye-UV iguqulwa futhi ibonwe njengokukhanya okubonakalayo.
I-LED, ngokuphambene, iyisimo se-semiconductor diode. Iqukethe i-chip of semiconducting material ephathwe ukudala isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pn (positive-negative). Uma uxhumeke emthonjeni wamandla, okwamanje kugeleza kusuka eceleni kwe-p noma i-anode kuya ku-n, noma i-cathode, kodwa hhayi ekuqondeni okulandelanayo. Izithwala-zithwala (ama-electron kanye ne-electron holes) zigeleza phakathi kwe-electrodes. Lapho i-electron ihlangana nomgodi, iwela ngaphansi kwezinga elincane, futhi ikhulula amandla ngendlela ye-photon (ukukhanya).
Ubude obude noma umbala okhishwe yi-LED kuncike ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-diode.
Ama-LED alubomvu asekelwe ku-aluminium gallium arsenide (i-AlGaAs). Ama-LEDs aluhlaza okwenziwa nge-indium gallium nitride (i-InGaN) futhi eluhlaza kusuka ku-aluminium gallium phosphide (i-AlGaP). Ukukhanya "okumhlophe" kudalwa ngokuhlanganisa ukukhanya okuvela ku-LED okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RGB) noma ngokugqoka i-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-phosphor ephuzi.
* Incazelo Yendlela I-LEDs Work isebenza ngayo i-US Dept. of Energy.
03 ka 04
Ukusebenza okubonakalayo okukhanyayo kanye nombala wombala we-LEDs yamanje
Ishadi le-CCT ye-LED CRI. I-Graphic ngu-Stan Hauter Kanjani ama-LED amhlophe atholakalayo njengamanje afaniswa nemithombo yendabuko yokukhanya ngokulandela izimpawu zombala nokusebenza okukhanyayo? Ama-A-lambani ase-Standard incandescent ahlinzeka ngo-15 lumens nge-watt (lm / W), ene-Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) ye-around 2700 K ne-Color Rendering Index (i-CRI) eduze no-100. Izibani ze-ENERGY STAR ezifanelekayo ezikhanyayo (CFL) zikhiqiza cishe i-50 lm / W ku-2700-3000 K nge-CRI okungenani 80. Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwamadivaysi e-LED okwamanje avela kubakhiqizi abaholayo kuboniswa ngenhla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamemezelwa yimboni njalo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izinyathelo ezihlelwe ngezansi azibandakanyi umshayeli noma ukulahlekelwa okushisayo.
* Ishadi elingenhla lihlehlisiwe manje, njengoba ama-LED ku-8000K nangaphezulu kwebala manje ayatholakala.
* Imithombo: Amasheyethi e-Manufacturer kuhlanganise ne-Cree XLamp XR-E, i-Philips Lumileds Rebel, i-Philips i-Kumileds K2.
04 ka 04
Izinzuzo zekusasa ne-Future for LEDs
Izinzuzo zama-LED
Ngakho, yiziphi izinzuzo ze-LED tank ukukhanyisa? Ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukuphakama okuphansi kanye nokuphila okude kwama-bulbs ama LED (abanye abakhiqizi bathi amahora angaba ngu-50,000) ngamaphuzu athile okuthengisa. Abasebenzisi be-LED baphinde bahlambalaza ngesilinganiso esincane sokushisa okukhiqizwa, okusiza ukugcina ama-tank amanzi okushisa phansi kanye "nokuthungatha" kuthinteka okukhiqizwa yi-LEDs.
Yiziphi izinkinga? Okunye okungahle kube yintengo yokuthenga, kodwa uma ubheka ukuphila okude kwama-bulb nesilinganiso esincane segesi esidingekayo ukushayela izibani, ungase usindise imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside. Ukukhanya komzimba kungase kube enye insalela ye-tank yomsakazo ngama-corals okhuni.
Isibonelo sokuqhathanisa sizoba yi-24 "Marineland Pro Lighting 24-Hour Lighting System enezibalo ezingu-246 watts (1 150W 14,000K HQI isibani, ama-4 24 Watt T-5) kanye nama-LED angu-2 1 watt yenyanga. Qhathanisa amanani angama $ 560 kanye ne-23 "Ecoxotic Panorama LED ene-54 White White 8,000 ° K kanye nama-18 we-Actinic Blue 460nm ama-LED anenani lama-watts angu-73. Qhathanisa amanani angama $ 760.
Ama-LED ahlala emahoreni angu-50 000) (iminyaka engu-11 @ amahora angu-12 ukukhanyisa / usuku), kuyilapho ama-HQI ne-T-5 egcina cishe ngonyaka ongu-1. Izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni sokuthi ama-HQI esikhundleni sokufaka amahora angaba ngu-R660 kanti izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni ze-T-5 zika-$ 16 ngamunye ($ 64 / yr). Ngisho noma ungacabangi izindleko zokulondoloza amandla, iphakethe le-LED liphathelene nekhefu ngisho nokulungiswa kwe-HQI & T-5 engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.
Abasebenzisi abaningi bokukhanya kwe-LED baye baqaphela ukunciphisa okusheshayo ekukhuleni kwe- algae eziyingozi emathangi abo.
Ikusasa lama LED
Njengamanje, awekho ama-bulb amaningi kakhulu e-LED aklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwe-tank reef. Okuvamile kwenzeka: i-bulb enezindawo ezithile (i-CRI, i-CCT) ithuthukiswe enye ukusetshenziswa, bese yamukelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-aquarium. Ngesikhathi salokhu kubhala, kunezibani ze-LED ebangeni elingu-8000K elisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa umkhombe wamanzi. Akungabazeki ukuthi ama-powered aphezulu azokwakhiwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze esizosebenza kangcono nakakhulu emanzini.