Kuyini ukuBleaching Coral futhi Kungani Kwenzeka?
Lapho amakhorali elahlekelwa umbala wawo, ayaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhipha kwe-coral". Ukuphuma kwe-Coral kwaba yinkinga uma kuqala kuphawulwa emanzini e-coral eNingizimu Pacific ngawo-1990. Ukuphuma kwe-coral kubuye kutholakale emanzini amanzi angasemanzini anosawoti . Ngakho yini ngempela ukuphuma kwe-coral?
Ukwakhiwa kwamathambo ama-coral okhuni ngokuvamile kuvambile, kodwa ngenxa yezooxanthellae algae , okuyizitshalo ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-dinoflagellates (izilwane ezincane ezingenazicathulo ezivela embusweni wamaProtista ) ezihlala ngaphakathi kwezicubu ezithambile zamakhorali, zinemibala.
Lezi zinhlobo ezincane ziyi-photosynthetic, futhi ubuhlobo babo namanye ama-corals, kanye nokunye okuphila kwamanzini njenge-Tridacnid clams, ama-nudibranchs, ezinye izipanji kanye nama-jellyfishes, yisibonelo se-endosymbiosis (i-symbiosis - obusondelene abahlala ndawonye ndawonye nezilwane ezimbili ezingafani ubuhlobo obuzuzisayo; endo - ngaphakathi).
Phakathi nosuku i-zooxanthellae i-photosynthesize. Ama-polyps ama-coral azuza ku-photosynthate (umkhiqizo we-photosynthesis) futhi futhi, i-algae inzuzo evela ku-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-carbon dioxide eyakhiwe, okudingeka ikhule. Ngobusuku ama-polyps ayondla epankton ngokuwuthatha ngezinsika zawo.
Uma izinga lokukhiqiza kwe-photosynthetic liphakeme kakhulu, amakhorali anokwazi ukulawula inani le-zooxanthellae emavikini abo ngokulixosha; lokhu kwaziwa njenge-coral bleaching, okuyinto evamile. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-coral ecindezelekile kakhulu, lokhu kubangele ukuba baxoshe ngaphezulu kwe-zooxanthellae kunesidingo, ngakho-ke balahlekelwe yimiphumela yombala ngokuxoshwa kwe-zooxanthellae kakhulu, futhi / noma ukuhlungwa kwezingulube ze-photosynthetic kulezi zinyama kuncishisiwe.
Nakuba ukuphuma kwe-long-term kungabangela ukushona okuncane noma okuphelele kwe-coral colonies, uma isimo singesibi kakhulu futhi izimo ezicindezelayo ziguqulwa, kungenzeka ukuthi amakholomu athintekile alulame i-microalgae ye-symbiotic futhi aqale ukukhula futhi.
Njengoba ukucindezeleka kubonakala sengathi kuyisihluthulelo kule nkinga eyenzekayo, ake sihlole ukuthi yiziphi izenzakalo ezibikwa ukuthi ziyimbangela yokugaya amabhomu emhlabeni wonke.
- Imiphumela ye-El Niño ne-La Niña.
- Ukufudumala kwezwe, okusho ukuthi "isimo sezulu sishintsha" emkhathini womhlaba ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa, okushiwo ukuthi kuhambisana nesiphepho esikhulu, isiphepho, isikhukhula, isihlabathi kanye nezinye izinto zesiphepho, amazinga olwandle akhula, nokunye.
Lezi zenzakalo zingathinta kanjani izilwanyana zasolwandle?
- Izinguquko emifuleni yolwandle, ephathelene nezinguquko ezitsheni ze-phytoplankton kanye ne-zooplankton, kanye nenani lezinye izakhi ezikhona emanzini.
- Ukwandisa / ukunciphisa emazingeni okushisa kwamanzi.
- Ukwandisa / ukwehla emanzini anosawoti.
- Ukwandisa / ukwehla emazingeni okushisa emoyeni.
- Ukwakhiwa kwe- carbon dioxide kanye ne-meteth gasses.
- Ukuvezwa kweminye imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
- Ukuvezwa kumazinga aphezulu okukhanya.
- Ukuvunguza kwamanzi okukhuphuka noma okuphakeme.
- Nciphisa emazingeni alula.
- Ukuqothulwa, okuhlobene nokunciphisa emazingeni okukhanya, kanye nokwehliswa kwempilo yasolwandle.
- Ukungcola, okungagcini ekufakweni kwesidumbu kusuka ekukhuliseni komhlabathi, amakhemikhali afana ne- nitrite, i- nitrate , i-ammonia, i- phosphate , kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezilimazayo olwandle olwandle olugelezayo kanye nokudonsa amapayipi.
Ingabe noma yimuphi walezi zimo zizwakala zizwakala? Kufanele. Lezi yizici zokukhiqiza ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile umuntu kufanele aqaphele lapho egcina amanzi aqukethe amanzi angasese noma i- tank reef !
Uma unenkinga ngamakhorali ukuphuma noma ukulahlekelwa umbala wabo, noma ngabe unomuzwa wokuthi ubanikeze imvelo yekhwalithi nokunakekelwa okufanele, kufanele uhlole futhi uthathe amaphuzu angenhla njengesizathu esibangelwayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kungaba yilokho okubangelwa yilokho okubangelwa yi-bacterial.