Iyini i-Myasthenia Gravis?
Yini emhlabeni i- Myasthenia Gravis ? Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile leli gama (futhi wacabanga ukuthi lizwakala sengathi umuntu unomlomo ogcwele amamabula). Kodwa-ke, kunethuba elihle ukuthi awukwazi ukuthi i-myasthenia gravis empeleni iyini nokuthi ingathinta kanjani izinja.
Iyini i-Myasthenia Gravis?
I-Myasthenia Gravis iyisifo se-neuromuscular esingathinta izinja, amakati, nabantu. Kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-acetylcholine receptors.
Ukuntuleka kwe-ACh-receptors eyanele kubangela ukuphazanyiswa kwezibonakaliso phakathi kwemizwa nemisipha, okuholela ekubuthakathaka kwamasipha ezinxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.
Indlela Izinja Zithola I-Myasthenia Gravis
I-Myasthenia Gravis ingaba yindlala (okwamanje ekuzalweni) noma etholakale. Nakuba kungajwayelekile kakhulu izinja, ifomu lokuzalwa lihlehliswa.
I- mysthenia ye- Congenital gravis ivame ukubonakala emadodeni phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwesishiyagalombili ubudala. Lezi zinja azizalwanga ngenani elifanele le-ACh-receptors. Zivame ukubonisa izibonakaliso zobuthakathaka obuthakathaka ekuzivocavoca umzimba ezingathuthuka ekukhubazeni ngisho nokufa. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinja zitholakala ku-myasthenia gravis, njenge-Springer Spaniels, i-Jack Russell Terriers, ne-Smooth Fox Terriers. Amanye ama-Dachshunds azalwa enesimo se-myasthenia gravis empeleni esixazulula yedwa.
Ukuthola i- myasthenia gravis iqala ezinja ezindala, ikakhulukazi ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili.
Lena ifomu le-immast-mediated of myasthenia gravis. Ama-antibodies wezinja awonakalisa i-ACh-receptors, eholele ekuntulekeni. I-myasthenia gravis etholakalayo ingathinta noma iyiphi inja. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinja zingase zibekwe ngaphambili, njengezihlobo ezilandelayo:
- ENewfoundland
- I-Scottish Terrier
Ngaphandle kwemali ewanele ye-ACh-receptors, ayikwazi ukuhambisa isignali esebenzayo phakathi kwemisipha nemisipha. Imisipha iba buthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba.
Izimpawu ze-Myasthenia Gravis kuzinja
Ngokuvamile, uma inja yakho ine-myasthenia gravis, ungabona uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu:
- Yenza ukubekezelelana noma ubuthakathaka uma usebenzisa
- Kancane kancane kukhula ubuthakathaka
- Ukuwa ngokuzumayo noma ukuwela phansi
- Ukulala ngamehlo avulekile
- Ukudonsa amajwabu amehlo
- Ukudonsa ngokweqile
- Ukudambisa / ukuvuselela
- Shintsha umsindo wegxolo kanye / noma wehlise
- Inkinga yokugwinya (noma ukugwinya ngokweqile)
- Ukuphefumula okunzima (kungase kubonise ukuthi i-aspiration pneumonia)
- Ukugaya (kungase kubonise ukuthi i-aspiration pneumonia)
Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obubangelwa i-myasthenia gravis bungenziwa jikelele (kuwo wonke umzimba) noma kugxile (kubonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba). Izindawo ezivame kakhulu ezibhekene nazo zithintekile izimbungulu ze-esophagus, pharynx, nobuso. Kunoma yikuphi, izibonakaliso ziqala kusukela emnene kuya ezinzima.
Ubukhulu obuthakathaka bemisipha ngenxa ye-myasthenia gravis ingavela kwezinye izinja njengokungabekezelelani kokuzivocavoca okuthuthukisa nokuphumula. Ezinye izinja zivele zinenkinga yokuhamba nokukhathala kalula. Ngokweqile kakhulu, izinja ezinye zikhula ukukhubazeka okungazelelwe.
Ubuthakathaka obugxile emzimbeni ngokuvamile buholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-megaesophagus, mhlawumbe isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokuthola i-myasthenia gravis. Lokhu empeleni isimo sesibili esenzeka ngenxa ye-myasthenia gravis. I-Megaesophagus iyandiswa yesikhumba (i-tube ehlanganisa umphimbo kuya esiswini). Umswakama unemisipha ehamba ngendlela efanayo, ukuthumela ukudla kanye noketshezi esiswini. Uma inja ine-megaesophagus, i-esophagus ilahlekelwa ithoni ye-muscle, iyanda, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ukudla kanye neziphuzo zingase ziboshwe emgodini kanye / noma ziphinde ziphinde zenziwe kabusha (inqwaba) yinja.
I-megaesophagus ingabangela kalula i-aspiration pneumonia. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukudla noma uketshezi kuketshelwa emaphashini futhi ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka. I-esophagus kanye ne-trachea (i-windpipe) zihlangene, ngakho ukudla noma uketshezi kungangena kalula emthonjeni uma imisipha kuleyo ndawo ingasebenzi kahle.
Ukutholakala kwe-myasthenia gravis kungabangela ezinye izinja ukuba zihlakulele uhlobo lwesifo esibi esifubeni (esibizwa ngokuthi i-thymoma).
Indlela ama-Vets ahlola ngayo i-Myasthenia Gravis ku-Dogs
Uma ucabanga ukuthi inja yakho ibonisa izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis noma yimuphi omunye ukugula, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha.
I-vet yakho izoqala ngokuxoxa ngomlando wenja yakho nawe, bese uhlola ngokucophelela ngokomzimba . Ukuxilongwa okungeziwe, okufana nomsebenzi webhu kanye nama-radiographs (ama-x-ray) kunganconywa ukuba ubheke izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ezinye izifo, ukuphazamiseka, noma ukulimala ngaphambi kokuthola ukuxilongwa okucacile. I-vet yakho ingancoma ukuthi ulethe inja yakho kudokotela wezilwane (ngokuvamile isazi sezinzwa zezilwane) ukusiza ukwenza ukuxilongwa okucacile.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile (ukuhlolwa kwe-AChR antibody) kungenziwa ukuhlola ama-antibodies ngokumelene ne-acetylcholine receptors. Lolu hlelo lukwazi ukuthola kahle izinja eziningi nge-myasthenia gravis.
Uma izimpawu zezinja zakho ziphawulwa kalula, khona-ke imithi ekhethekile inganikezwa ukuhlola i-myasthenia gravis. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensilon. Inja inikezwa umjovo we-intravenous we-inhibitor ye-acetylcholinesterase ebizwa i-edrophonium. Uma inja ine-myasthenia gravis, khona-ke izidakamizwa zizobangela ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo (kodwa okwesikhashana) ekubuthakathakeni kwe-muscle.
I-Myasthenia Gravis Ukwelashwa Kwezinja
Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-myasthenia gravis. Amantombazane amaningi anesifo sangasese sokuzalwa kwengane yami engasakwazi ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-myasthenia gravis ezingasiza izinja eziningi ziphila ngokuphila okujabulisayo. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinja zizwa nokuxoxwa okuzenzekelayo ngemva kokutholakala.
Isihluthulelo sokwelapha ngempumelelo i-myasthenia inja ye-dog yakho ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo ne-vet yakho futhi uhlale ukhuthele ekunakekeleni inja yakho nsuku zonke. Sebenza eduze ne-vet yakho ukuze uthole inja yakho ohlelweni olungcono kakhulu lokwelapha. Namathela esimweni esivamile futhi ubike izinguquko esimweni senja yakho ngokushesha. Imithi kufanele inikezwe njalo njengoba nje enqunywe yi-veterinarian.
Ungalokothi wenze izinguquko zokwelashwa ngaphandle kokubonisana ne-vet yakho.
Lezo zokwelapha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuphatha inja yakho ye-myasthenia gravis:
Ama-anticholinesterase agents (pyridostigmine noma neostigmine) anqunyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-signal ye-neuromuscular. Lezi zidakamizwa zingandisa isikhathi se-acetylcholine ekuhlanganiseni kwe-neuromuscular. Izinja ezitholakalayo i-myasthenia gravis zizodinga ukuhlala kuloluhlobo lwemithi yokuphila. Izinja eziningi, lokhu ukwelashwa kwanele ukuphatha izimpawu zabo.
Ukwelapha okungahambi kahle komzimba kungacatshangwa uma kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. I-vet yakho ingase ibeke i-corticosteroids ukuvimbela isistimu yomzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-myasthenia gravis ithola imithi, imithi ye-immunosuppressive ingasebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppressive kungandisa ingozi yezifo, ikakhulukazi izinja ezine-megaesophagus esivele zijwayele ukuthuthukisa i-aspiration pneumonia.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-plasma yokwelashwa yindlela yokwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziselwa abantu abanezimo ezinzulu ze-myasthenia gravis. Lokhu kuyatholakala ezinja kwezinye izifunda kodwa kungase kube ukuvimbela izindleko. I-TPE ihilela ukukhipha "i-plasma" ephethwe yingxenye ye-plasma kusuka kumnikeli onempilo. Lokhu ukwelashwa kungase kusebenze ezinja ezinamacala amakhulu kakhulu e-myasthenia gravis.
Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuyinxenye enkulu yokuphatha izinja nge-myasthenia gravis.
- Izinja ezine-megaesophagus kufanele zondliwe "ama-meatball" amakhulu ekudleni ngenkathi isendaweni eqondile. Lolu hlobo lokudla lungavumela ukudla ukuba kungene ngesisu ngokuphumelelayo futhi kunciphise ingozi ye-aspiration pneumonia.
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kungadingeka ukuba ugweme ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezinja ezilawula uketshezi.
- Ama-antibiotics kanye nokuphefumula (njenge-nebulizers) kungadingeka ukuphatha isifiso se-pneumonia.
- Imithi yokusekela uhlelo lwesisu ingaba usizo (metoclopramide, cisapride, cimetidine).
Uma inja yakho iqala ukutholakala nge-myasthenia gravis, kungase kudingeke ukuthi izibhedlela zizinzile inja yakho, ikakhulukazi uma izinkinga zesimanje zikhathazeka. I-hospitalization izosiza futhi ama-vets ngokucophelela ukuqapha inja yakho ngesikhathi sokulungisa imithi.
Kuye ngokuthi isifo sakho sinzima kangakanani, ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kungase kube isikhathi esithile (ikakhulukazi uma inja yakho ine-megaesophagus). Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlale uhlelekile futhi uqaphelisise imininingwane. Nokho, yiba nesineke wena kanye nenja yakho. Cela usizo lwabangani namalungu omndeni uma kudingeka. Cabanga ngokujoyina umphakathi wabanikazi bami bezinja ze-myasthenia noma abanikazi bezinja ze-megaesophagus.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqapha kangakanani inja yakho, kungenzeka njalo izinkinga zokulima. Intombazane yakho ingadinga ukufakwa esibhedlela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphatha isifiso se-pneumonia noma ezinye izinkinga zesibini. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukuxhumana ne-vet yakho nganoma yisiphi ishintsho enja yakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinguquko ezincane zibonakala zingakanani.